Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Optogenetic activation of cortical microglia promotes neuronal activity and pain hypersensitivity

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115717

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Timeline of experimental procedure for ReaChR induction, optogenetic stimulation, and open field test (OFT). (B) Representative traces of locomotor activity. (C) Averaged immobility time for control and ReaChR mice. Data presented as mean ± SEM. n = 8 mice/group, **** p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons. (D) Average total distance traveled for control and ReaChR mice. Data presented as mean ± SEM. n = 8 mice/group, **** p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons. (E) Averaged time spent in the central zone (time center) for each group. (F) Rotarod latency to fall for each group. Data presented as mean ± SEM. n = 8 mice/group, **** p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons. (G) Experimental timeline of ReaChR induction and ultrasound vocalization (USV) measurement. (H and I) Summarized data showing the number of vocalizations in control and ReaChR mice after light stimulation with recording frequencies range of 25–40 and 50 kHz. Data presented as mean ± SEM. n = 4 mice/group, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons.

Article Snippet: Rotarod tests were performed using a four-lane Rotarod apparatus (Med Associates, Vermont, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: NPJ Parkinson's Disease

Article Title: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation alleviates oxidative stress via mitophagy in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41531-024-00668-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The rotarod test of PD and normal animals at different time points. An obvious motor impairment was observed four weeks after model establishment, with a progressive impairment at four to five weeks. **** P < 0.0001, PD vs. control group; # P < 0.05, the different time point comparison in the PD group ( n = 8 per time point per group; F Time(5,84) = 4.210, P = 0.0018; F Group(1,84) = 112.6, P < 0.0001; two-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc correction). b Western blot analysis of TH expression at different time points. c , d TH levels were significantly decreased four weeks after model establishment, with a progressive decline ( n = 6 per group; Striatum: F (3,20) = 143.6, P < 0.0001; SN: F (3,20) = 17.84, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc correction). e Immunohistochemistry staining of TH at different time points. f , g The TH + neurons and neurites in the SN and striatum were significantly less detected four weeks after model establishment, and a progressive decline was found between four and five weeks after model establishment ( n = 6 per group; TH + neurons: F (3,20) = 79.56, P < 0.0001; TH + neurites: F (3,20) = 165.2, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc correction). * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001. Error bars: standard deviation of the mean. STN-DBS subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation, PD Parkinson’s disease, SN substantia nigra, TH tyrosine hydroxylase, ns not significant.

Article Snippet: Animals were pre-trained on an automated four-lane rotarod (Panlab, Harvard Apparatus, Barcelona, Spain) unit with a 3-cm diameter rod and an acceleration of 4 to 40 rpm over a period of 5 min, prior to MPTP injection.

Techniques: Control, Comparison, Western Blot, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: NPJ Parkinson's Disease

Article Title: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation alleviates oxidative stress via mitophagy in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41531-024-00668-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design of the mouse STN-DBS. b Nissl staining of lead implantation. The lead accurately targeted the STN region. Red area indicates the STN region of the mouse brain in the atlas . c The rotarod test of different groups. STN-DBS and rapamycin extended the time on the rod of the PD mouse model; however, 3BDO inhibited this effect ( n = 8 per group; F (5,42) = 15.08, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc correction). d Immunohistochemistry staining of TH in different groups. e , f STN-DBS, as well as rapamycin, relieved the tendency of reduction of TH + cells in SN. Only rapamycin significantly elevated the TH + neurites in the striatum, and STN-DBS merely obtained a tendency to increase ( n = 6 per group; TH + neurons: F (5,30) = 197.3, P < 0.0001; TH + neurites: F (5,30) = 69 . 51, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc correction). g Western blot analysis of TH in the SN of different groups. h PD-DBS and PD+Rap groups showed an increase in TH level in the SN by comparison with PD and PD-sham-DBS groups; however, 3BDO obstructed the preservation of TH by STN-DBS ( n = 6 per group; F (5,30) = 27.7, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc correction). I: control group; II: PD group; III: PD-sham-DBS group; IV: PD-DBS group; V: PD+Rap group; VI: PD-DBS + 3BDO group. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001. Error bars: standard deviation of the mean. STN-DBS subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation, PD Parkinson’s disease, SN substantia nigra, TH tyrosine hydroxylase, MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, ns not significant.

Article Snippet: Animals were pre-trained on an automated four-lane rotarod (Panlab, Harvard Apparatus, Barcelona, Spain) unit with a 3-cm diameter rod and an acceleration of 4 to 40 rpm over a period of 5 min, prior to MPTP injection.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Comparison, Preserving, Control, Standard Deviation